16.13 陈亢问于伯鱼曰：“子亦有异闻乎？” 对曰：“未也。尝独立，鲤趋而过庭。曰：‘学诗乎？’对曰：‘未也。’‘不学诗，无以言。’鲤退而学诗。他日，又独立，鲤趋而过庭。曰：‘学礼乎？’对曰：‘未也。’‘不学礼，无以立。’鲤退而学礼。闻斯二者。” 陈亢退而喜曰：“问一得三，闻诗，闻礼，又闻君子之远其子也1。”
【译文】
陈亢问伯鱼说：“您在您父亲那里听到什么特别的教诲吗？” 伯鱼回答：“没有。父亲曾一个人站在庭中，我恭敬地走过。他问：‘学诗没有？’我回答说：‘没有。’父亲说：‘不学诗就不知如何说话。’我退回后便学习诗。又有一天，父亲又一个人站在庭中，我恭敬地走过。他问：‘学礼没有？’我回答说：‘没有。’父亲说：‘不学礼就不知如何立身。’我退回后便学习礼。我听到的就是这两点。” 陈亢退下后高兴地说：“我问一个问题却得到三个收获，知道了应该学诗，知道了应该学礼，还知道了君子对自己的儿子没有偏私之心。”
【YZG解释】
陈亢问伯鱼说：“作为老师的儿子，您在您父亲那里听到什么特别的教诲吗？” 伯鱼回答：“没有。父亲曾一个人站在庭中，我恭敬地走过。父亲问：‘学习《诗经》了没有？’我回答说：‘没有。’父亲说：‘不学习《诗经》就无法事理通达、心气和平，则无法善于讲话。’我退回后便学习《诗经》。又有一天，父亲又一个人站在庭中，我恭敬地走过。父亲问：‘学礼没有？’我回答说：‘没有。’父亲说：‘不学礼就没有坚定的德行以立身于社会。’我退回后便学习礼。我听到的就是这两点。” 陈亢退下后高兴地说：“我问一个问题却得到三个收获，知道了应该学《诗经》，知道了应该学礼，还知道了君子对自己的儿子没有偏私之心。”
【English Translation】
Chen Kang1 asked Bo Yu2: “As the son of the teacher, did you hear any special instructions from your father?”
Bo Yu replied: “No. My father once stood alone in the courtyard, and I walked past respectfully. My father asked: ‘Have you studied The Book of Songs?’ I replied: ‘No.’ My father said: ‘Without studying The Book of Songs, one cannot understand things thoroughly and have a peaceful mind, and thus cannot be good at speaking.’ After I left, I studied The Book of Songs. Another day, my father stood alone in the courtyard again, and I walked past respectfully. My father asked: ‘Have you studied the Rites?’ I replied: ‘No.’ My father said: ‘Without learning the Rites, there will be no firm virtue to establish oneself in society.’ After I left, I studied the Rites. These are the only two points I heard.”
After Chen Kang left, he said happily: “I asked one question and got three gains. I know that one should study The Book of Songs, know that one should study the Rites, and also know that a noble person has no partiality towards his own son.”
【Note】