11.26 子路、曾晳、冉有、公西华侍坐1。 子曰:“以吾一日长乎尔,毋吾以也。居则曰2:‘不吾知也!’如或知尔,则何以哉?” 子路率尔而对曰3:“千乘之国,摄乎大国之间4,加之以师旅,因之以饥馑5,由也为之,比及三年6,可使有勇,且知方也7。” 夫子哂之8。 “求!尔何如?” 对曰:“方六七十9,如五六十10,求也为之,比及三年,可使足民。如其礼乐,以俟君子。” “赤!尔何如?” 对曰:“非曰能之,愿学焉。宗庙之事,如会同11,端章甫12,愿为小相焉13。” “点!尔何如?” 鼓瑟希14,铿尔15,舍瑟而作,对曰:“异乎三子者之撰16。” 子曰:“何伤乎17?亦各言其志也。” 曰:“莫春者18,春服既成,冠者五六人19,童子六七人,浴乎沂20,风乎舞雩21,咏而归。” 夫子喟然叹曰:“吾与点也!” 三子者出,曾晳后。曾晳曰:“夫三子者之言何如?” 子曰:“亦各言其志也已矣。” 曰:“夫子何哂由也?” 曰:“为国以礼,其言不让,是故哂之。” “唯求则非邦也与22?” “安见方六七十如五六十而非邦也者?” “唯赤则非邦也与?” “宗庙会同,非诸侯而何?赤也为之小,孰能为之大?”
【译文】
子路、曾晳、冉有、公西华陪坐在孔子身边。 孔子说:“我的年龄比你们大一些,但你们不要因此受到拘束而不敢讲话。平日你们总是说:‘没有人了解我呀!’如果有人了解且任用你们,你们会怎么做呢?” 子路不假思索地回答说:“一个拥有千辆兵车的国家,夹在大国之间,外有别国侵略,内有灾年饥荒,让我去治理,只要三年,就可以使人们充满勇气,而且懂得道义。” 孔子微微一笑。 又问:“冉求!你怎么样?” 冉求答道:“一个边界以六七十里或五六十里见方的小国,让我去治理,只要三年,可以使人们富足。至于礼乐方面的事,那只有等待君子来实施了。” 孔子问:“公西赤!你怎么样?” 公西赤答道:“我不敢说能做到,但我愿意这样学习。宗庙祭祀或是诸侯会盟,我愿意穿戴着礼服礼帽,做一个小司仪。” 孔子又问:“曾点!你怎么样?” 曾晳正在弹瑟,这时瑟声渐疏,然后“铿”的一声停止了,他推开瑟站起来说:“我和他们三人的才志不同。” 孔子说:“这有什么关系呢?只是各人说说自己的志向罢了。” 曾晳说:“暮春时节,已经可以穿春装了,我和五六个成人,六七个孩子,在沂水中洗洗,在舞雩被风吹拂着,然后吟唱着回去。” 孔子长叹一声说:“我赞同曾点的志向啊。” 子路等三人走出去了,曾晳走在最后。他问孔子:“他们三人所说的怎么样?” 孔子说:“也就是各人说说自己的志向罢了。” 曾晳问:“您为什么对仲由的话笑了呢?” 孔子说:“治理国家讲求礼让,可是他的话一点不谦虚,所以我笑了。” 曾晳说:“那么冉求说的不是国家吗?” 孔子说:“怎么见得六七十里或五六十里见方的地域就不是一个国家呢?” 曾晳说:“公西赤所说的不是国家吗?” 孔子说:“宗庙祭祀和诸侯会盟,不是国家的事又是什么?如果公西赤只能做小司仪,那谁还能做大司仪呢?”
【YZG解释】
子路、曾晳、冉有、公西华陪坐在孔子身边。 孔子说:“我的年龄比你们大一些,但你们不要因此受到拘束而不敢讲话。平日你们总是说:‘没有人了解我呀!’如果有人了解且任用你们,你们会怎么做呢?” 子路不假思索地回答说:“一个拥有千辆兵车的国家,夹在大国之间,外有别国侵略,内有灾年饥荒,让我去治理,只要三年,就可以使人们充满勇气,而且懂得礼。” 孔子微微一笑。 又问:“冉求!你怎么样?” 冉求答道:“一个边界以六七十里或五六十里见方的小国,让我去治理,只要三年,可以使人们富足。至于礼乐方面的事,那只有等待君子来实施了。” 孔子问:“公西赤!你怎么样?” 公西赤答道:“我不敢说能做到,但我愿意学习。宗庙祭祀或是诸侯会盟,我愿意穿戴着礼服礼帽,做一个小司仪。” 孔子又问:“曾点!你怎么样?” 曾晳正在弹瑟,这时瑟声渐疏,然后“铿”的一声停止了,他推开瑟站起来说:“我和他们三人的才志不同。” 孔子说:“这有什么关系呢?只是各人说说自己的志向罢了。” 曾晳说:“暮春时节,已经可以穿春装了,我和五六个成人,六七个孩子,在沂水中洗洗,在风吹拂下、求雨的祭坛边跳舞,然后吟唱着回去。” 孔子长叹一声说:“我赞同曾点的志向啊。” 子路等三人走出去了,曾晳走在最后。他问孔子:“他们三人所说的怎么样?” 孔子说:“也就是各人说说自己的志向罢了。” 曾晳问:“您为什么对仲由的话笑了呢?” 孔子说:“治理国家讲求礼让,可是他的话一点不谦虚,所以我笑了。” 曾晳说:“那么冉求说的不是国家吗?” 孔子说:“怎么见得六七十里或五六十里见方的地域就不是一个国家呢?” 曾晳说:“公西赤所说的不是国家吗?” 孔子说:“宗庙祭祀和诸侯会盟,不是国家的事又是什么?如果公西赤只能做小司仪,那谁还能做大司仪呢?”
【English Translation】
Zi Lu1, Zeng Xi2, Ran You3, and Gong Xi Hua4 sat with Confucius.
Confucius said: “I am older than you, but don’t be constrained and afraid to speak because of this. You always say: ‘No one understands me!’ If someone understands and employs you, what would you do?”
Zi Lu replied without hesitation: “If I govern a State with a thousand chariots which is caught between the big States, with foreign aggression outside and famine inside, I would take only three years to make the people courageous and understand the Rites.”
Confucius smiled slightly.
Confucius asked: “Ran Qiu (Ran You), How about you?”
Ran Qiu (Ran You) replied: “If I was appointed to govern a small State with border of sixty to seventy, or fifty to sixty miles square, I would take just three years to make the people rich. As for the matters of Rites and music, only a noble person can implement them.”
Confucius asked: “Gong Xi Chi (Gong Xi Hua), How about you?”
Gong Xi Chi (Gong Xi Hua) replied: “I don’t dare to say that I can do it, but I am willing to learn. In the sacrificial ceremony of ancestral temple or meetings of feudal lords, I am willing to be a minor master of ceremonies wearing ceremonial robe and hat.”
Confucius asked again: “Zeng Dian (Zeng Xi), How about you?”
Zeng Xi was playing Se5, at that moment the sound of Se faded and stopped with a “clang” sound. He pushed the Se away and stood up, saying: “My aspirations are different from those of them.”
Confucius said: “It doesn’t matter, it’s just everyone talking about their own aspirations.”
Zeng Xi said: “In late spring, when people already put on spring clothes, with five or six adults and six or seven children, I wash in the Yi River6. I am caressed by the wind beside the altar where we prayed for rain, and then sing and go back.”
Confucius sighed deeply and said: “I agree with Zeng Dian’s (Zeng Xi’s) aspiration.”
Zi Lu and the other two went out, and Zeng Xi was the last one. He asked Confucius: “How about what the three of them said?”
Confucius said: “It’s just everyone talking about their own aspirations.”
Zeng Xi asked: “Why did you laugh at Zhong You’s (Zi Lu’s) words?”
Confucius said: “Governing a country emphasizes courtesy, but his words are not at all modest, so I laughed.”
Zeng Xi said: “Then isn’t what Ran Qiu ( Ran You) said about a State?”
Confucius said: “How can you say that a region of sixty or seventy miles or fifty or sixty miles square is not a State?”
Zeng Shi said: “Isn’t what Gong Xi Chi (Gong Xi Hua) said about a State?”
Confucius said: “What are the sacrificial ceremony of ancestral temple or the meetings of feudal lords considered to be if they are not the affairs of a State? If Gong Xi Chi (Gong Xi Hua) can only be a minor master of ceremonies, who else can be a chief master?”
【Note】